Terperangkap dan dilupakan: di mana masyarakat Rohingya boleh cari keselamatan?

Ruhul, a young Rohingya man, who didn't receive medical care for nine days until he was able to cross the border into Bangladesh and reach a Médecins Sans Frontières/Doctors Without Borders (MSF) hospital in Cox's Bazar.

 Since November 2023, Myanmar’s northern Rakhine state has been devastated by intensifying conflict between the Myanmar Armed Forces and the Arakan Army. Extreme violence, including the use of heavy weaponry, drone strikes and arson attacks, has razed entire villages, killing, injuring and displacing civilians. Both sides to the conflict are forcibly recruiting civilians and stoking ethnic tensions between communities.

 The violence is impacting various ethnic groups living in Rakhine, however as one of the most historically persecuted groups over decades, the Rohingya community often finds themselves caught in the middle of this violence.

On 17 and 18 May in Buthidaung, civilian homes and property were burnt to the ground, and thousands of Rohingya people (including many who had been previously displaced from other areas) fled the township. 

 Mojubullah is another Rohingya man who was displaced from Buthidaung on the same day. “A mortar shell struck our home, killing my wife and injuring several others,” he says. “We made the heartbreaking decision to leave for Bangladesh. Leaving behind our home, livestock and crops was incredibly difficult.”

In Maungdaw, 20km to the west of Buthidaung, intense clashes between the warring parties spiked in May and have again escalated in August. They were characterised by violent attacks on groups of Rohingya people – some of whom are survivors of the attacks in Buthidaung.

 Between 5 and 17 August, MSF teams in Bangladesh's Cox’s Bazar camps treated 83 Rohingya patients with violence-related injuries;  44 per cent were women and children. They reported fleeing an attack in Maungdaw and crossing the border.

 These patients that arrived at MSF's facilities are suffering from gunshot wounds, maimed from landmine injuries, and in critical condition due to a lack of medications to manage life-threatening illnesses such as HIV or tuberculosis. These medicines are no longer available in Rakhine. 

 Several people described the journey across the border, which includes crossing the Naf river, attack on the way for looking safety and boat capsizing as perilous. As the border is officially closed, people are forced to pay huge bribes to authorities in Myanmar, armed groups or smugglers to cross.

 In northern Rakhine, access to healthcare is currently non-existent. Health facilities are non-functional, having been damaged by the fighting, stripped of medical staff who fled violence, or left without supplies due to conflict dynamics and inability to gain authorization to move supplies as needed. 

 In June, MSF was forced to indefinitely suspend our medical humanitarian activities in Buthidaung, Maungdaw and Rathedung townships, after our office and medical store were burnt down. Before this suspension, MSF witnessed attacks in highly populated civilian areas like markets and villages as well as attacks on healthcare facilities which threatened the lives of patients and healthcare workers.

 Efforts, if any, taken by the warring parties to protect civilians and uphold their obligations under international humanitarian law are negligible, as is any effort made by the relevant authorities to authorise and enable a humanitarian response.   

The toll of this disregard for human life is immense. MSF teams in Bangladesh received 115 war wounded Rohingya patients in MSF facilities since July 2024 including men, women and children sustaining injuries from extreme violence. While newly-arrived Rohingya people in Cox's Bazar have managed to escape the conflict zone and access some level of medical care, they face an increasingly precarious situation in camps where 1.2 million people are living behind barbed wire fences. Aside from rising violence and kidnapping in the camps, including for forced recruitment to armed groups in Myanmar, many people live in fear and anxiety about what they have experienced, and the fate of their families in Bangladesh and back home. The new undocumented people from Myanmar are also in constant run to hide themselves as there is a risk of deportation/push back to Myanmar, where there is no guaranteed safety for them.

 Having finally reached Bangladesh, Mojibullah has not yet found a reprieve from hardship. “My family and I are struggling to come to terms with the loss of loved ones and the uncertainty of our future.”

 According to UN figures, approximately 327,000 people have been displaced in Rakhine state and Paletwa Township in Chin state since the conflict in Myanmar resumed in November 2023. In addition to those already displaced, this brings the total number of displaced in Rakhine State and Paletwa Township in Chin to over 534,000 people. MSF is calling parties to this conflict to comply with their obligations under international humanitarian law and the principles of distinction, proportionality and precaution. This includes protecting civilians from direct attacks and the effects of attacks, as well as the prohibition of indiscriminate attacks. We also ask the authorities and all actors on both sides of the border to urgently prioritize increased, impartial humanitarian and medical assistance to those in need.

 *Names have been withheld.